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Linux系统下NTP协议的超级配置攻略_LINUX_操作系统_

2024-01-21 117人已围观

简介 Linux系统下NTP协议的超级配置攻略_LINUX_操作系统_

在Linux系统中,为了避免主机时间因为在长时间运行下所导致的时间偏差,进行时间同步(synchronize)的工作是非常必要的。Linux系统下,一般使用ntp服务来同步不同机器的时间。NTP 是网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)的简称,干嘛用的呢?就是通过网络协议使计算机之间的时间同步化。

安装NTP包

检查是否安装了ntp相关包。如果没有安装ntp相关包,使用rpm或yum安装,安装也非常简单方便。
 

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代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep
ntpntpdate-4.2.6p5-1.el6.x86_64
fontpackages-filesystem-1.41-1.1.el6.noarch
ntp-4.2.6p5-1.el6.x86_64
 

NTP的配置


A: 配置/etc/ntp.conf

NTP Server的主要配置文件为/etc/ntp.conf ,没有修改过的ntp.conf文件内容如下所示,配置选项都有相关注释信息(Linux 版本为Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 )

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代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/ntp.conf
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).

driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift

# Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
# permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

# Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could
# be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
# the administrative functions.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict -6 ::1

# Hosts on local network are less restricted.
#restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap

# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst


#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server
#broadcastclient # broadcast client
#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server
#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client
#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server
#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client

# Enable public key cryptography.
#crypto

includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw

# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
# with symmetric key cryptography.
keys /etc/ntp/keys

# Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
#trustedkey 4 8 42

# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
#requestkey 8

# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
#controlkey 8

# Enable writing of statistics records.
#statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats
[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/ntp.conf
# For more information about this file, see the man pages
# ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).

driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift

# Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
# permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

# Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could
# be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
# the administrative functions.
restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict -6 ::1

# Hosts on local network are less restricted.
#restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap

# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst


#broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server
#broadcastclient # broadcast client
#broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server
#multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client
#manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server
#manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client

# Enable public key cryptography.
#crypto

includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw

# Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
# with symmetric key cryptography.
keys /etc/ntp/keys

# Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
#trustedkey 4 8 42

# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
#requestkey 8

# Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
#controlkey 8

# Enable writing of statistics records.
#statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats
各个选项信息:
#系统时间与BIOS事件的偏差记录
driftfile /etc/ntp/drift

 

restrict 控制相关权限。

语法为: restrict IP地址 mask 子网掩码 参数

其中IP地址也可以是default ,default 就是指所有的IP

参数有以下几个:

ignore  :关闭所有的 NTP 联机服务

nomodify:客户端不能更改服务端的时间参数,但是客户端可以通过服务端进行网络校时。

notrust :客户端除非通过认证,否则该客户端来源将被视为不信任子网

noquery :不提供客户端的时间查询:用户端不能使用ntpq,ntpc等命令来查询ntp服务器

notrap :不提供trap远端登陆:拒绝为匹配的主机提供模式 6 控制消息陷阱服务。陷阱服务是 ntpdq 控制消息协议的子系统,用于远程事件日志记录程序。

nopeer :用于阻止主机尝试与服务器对等,并允许欺诈性服务器控制时钟

kod : 访问违规时发送 KoD 包。

restrict -6 表示IPV6地址的权限设置。

1:设定NTP主机来源(其中prefer表示优先主机),192.168.7.49是本地的NTP服务器,所以优先指定从该主机同步时间。
 

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代码如下:

server 192.168.7.49 prefer
server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org iburst


2:限制你允许的这些服务器的访问类型,在这个例子中的服务器是不容许修改运行时配置或查询您的Linux NTP服务器
 

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代码如下:

restrict 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrust nomodify notrap

在上例中,掩码地址扩展为255,因此从192.168.0.1-192.168.0.254的服务器都可以使用我们的NTP服务器来同步时间

 

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代码如下:

#此时表示限制向从192.168.0.1-192.168.0.254这些IP段的服务器提供NTP服务。
restrict 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrust nomodify notrap noquery

#设置默认策略为允许任何主机进行时间同步
restrict default ignore

 

3:确保localhost(这个常用的IP地址用来指Linux服务器本身)有足够权限.使用没有任何限制关键词的语法:

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代码如下:

restrict 127.0.0.1
restrict -6 ::1

 

B:配置/etc/ntp/stpe-tickers文件

修改/etc/ntp/stpe-tickers文件,内容如下(当ntpd服务启动时,会自动与该文件中记录的上层NTP服务进行时间校对)

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代码如下:

[root@localhost ntp]# more /etc/ntp/step-tickers
# List of servers used for initial synchronization.
[root@localhost ntp]# vi /etc/ntp/step-tickers
# List of servers used for initial synchronization.
server 192.168.7.49 prefer
server 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org
server 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org
server 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org
server 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org



C:配置/etc/sysconfig/ntpd文件

ntp服务,默认只会同步系统时间。如果想要让ntp同时同步硬件时间,可以设置/etc/sysconfig/ntpd文件,在/etc/sysconfig/ntpd文件中,添加 SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes 这样,就可以让硬件时间与系统时间一起同步。

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代码如下:

#允许BIOS与系统时间同步,也可以通过hwclock -w 命令
SYNC_HWCLOCK=yes

 

IPTABLES 配置

由于NTP服务需要使用到UDP端口号123,所以当系统的防火墙(Iptables)启动的情况下,必须开放UDP端口号123。

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代码如下:

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
2 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
5 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination

[root@localhost ~]# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 123 -j ACCEPT
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123
2 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
3 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
6 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination

[root@l

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